The Correlation Between Sarcopenia and Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Patients At The Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Denpasar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59141/jiss.v7i6.2393Keywords:
Sarcopenia, Metabolic Syndrome, ElderlyAbstract
This is an observational study with a retrospective approach conducted using medical record data from geriatric polyclinic patients at Wangaya Hospital from December 2025 to February 2026. Samples were obtained using the total sampling method from medical records. This study included patients over 65 years of age who had measurements of weight, height, SARC-F value, and hand grip strength. The diagnosis of sarcopenia and its components (high SARC-F, low hand grip strength, low muscle mass index, and sarcopenia) were associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Data are presented as numerical values, percentages, and prevalence ratio (PR) accompanied by a 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical testing was performed using the Fisher Exact Test, with significance set at P < 0.05. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the association of each component with metabolic syndrome. The results show that hand grip strength (PR 0.55, CI 0.14–1.01, P = 0.05) has an almost significant relationship, and low muscle mass index (PR 0.55, CI 0.08–0.91, P = 0.04) has a significant relationship with metabolic syndrome. Other components, such as SARC-F score (PR 0.55, CI 0.13–1.20, P = 0.10) and sarcopenia (PR 0.48, CI 0.07–1.79, P = 0.28), did not show a significant association with metabolic syndrome. The findings are not conclusive. Further research is recommended using a larger sample size and standard reference methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to calculate muscle mass.
References
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Elderly population statistics 2024.
Collins, K. H., Herzog, W., MacDonald, G. Z., Reimer, R. A., Rios, J. L., Smith, I. C., Zernicke, R. F., & Hart, D. A. (2018). Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and musculoskeletal disease: Common inflammatory pathways suggest a central role for loss of muscle integrity. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 112.
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., et al. (2019). Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing, 48(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
Handajani, Y. S., Schroeder-Butterfill, E., Hogervorst, E., Turana, Y., & Hengky, A. (2024). Multimorbidity and depression increase prevalence of frailty of community-dwelling Indonesian older adults: Indonesia care networks study. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15, 69.
Kim, K., & Park, S. M. (2018). Association of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: A cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 2703.
Lee, J. H., Kim, H. J., Han, S., Park, S. J., Sim, M., & Lee, K. H. (2024). Reliability and agreement assessment of sarcopenia diagnosis through comparison of bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Diagnostics, 14(9), 899.
Mohamed, S. M., Shalaby, M. A., El-Shiekh, R. A., El-Banna, H. A., Emam, S. R., & Bakr, A. F. (2023). Metabolic syndrome: Risk factors, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management with natural approaches. Food Chemistry Advances, 2, 100335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100335
Murat, K., Kaymak, B., Frontera, W. R., Ata, A. M., Ricci, V., Timur, E., Chang, K.-V., Han, D.-S., Michail, X., & Quittan, M. (2021). Diagnosing sarcopenia: Functional perspectives and a new algorithm from ISarcoPRM. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 53(6), jrm002806.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2022). Metabolic syndrome diagnosis.
Nishikawa, H., Asai, A., Fukunishi, S., Nishiguchi, S., & Higuchi, K. (2021). Metabolic syndrome and sarcopenia. Nutrients, 13(10), 3519. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103519
Papadopoulou, S. K. (2020). Sarcopenia: A contemporary health problem among older adult populations. Nutrients, 12(5), 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051293
Peterseim, C. M., Jabbour, K., & Kamath Mulki, A. (2024). Metabolic syndrome: An updated review on diagnosis and treatment for primary care clinicians. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 15, 21501319241309170. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319241309168
Shafiee, G., Keshtkar, A., Soltani, A., Ahadi, Z., Larijani, B., & Heshmat, R. (2017). Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 16(1), 21.
Singh, S., & Bajorek, B. (2014). Defining “elderly” in clinical practice guidelines for pharmacotherapy. Pharmacy Practice, 12(4), 489. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1886-36552014000400007
Voulgaridou, G., Tyrovolas, S., Detopoulou, P., Tsoumana, D., Drakaki, M., Apostolou, T., Chatziprodromidou, I. P., Papandreou, D., Giaginis, C., & Papadopoulou, S. K. (2024). Diagnostic criteria and measurement techniques of sarcopenia: A critical evaluation of the up-to-date evidence. Nutrients, 16(3), 436.
White, L. V., Lee, N., Marin, F. P., Saludar, N. R., Edwards, T., & Cox, S. E. (2019). Performance of alternative measures to body mass index in the assessment of moderate and severe under-nutrition among acutely unwell patients hospitalized in a TB ward in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 14(5), e0215968.
World Health Organization. (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/206936/0957708211_eng.pdf
World Health Organization. (2025). Ageing and health.
Yang, M., Hu, X., Xie, L., Zhang, L., Zhou, J., Lin, J., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Han, Z., & Zhang, D. (2019). Comparing mini sarcopenia risk assessment with SARC-F for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 20(1), 53–57.
Yuan, S., & Larsson, S. C. (2023). Epidemiology of sarcopenia: Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 144, 155533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155533
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Moses Kharisma Setyawan, Gautami Gautami, R.A Tuty Kuswardhani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
